Research progress and hot spots of hydrothermal liquefaction for bio-oil production based on bibliometric analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass used HTL reaction under high temperature and pressure to produce bio-oil. This technology is considered as...     

Magnetic graphene-based nanocomposites as highly efficient absorbents for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Due to the merits of their high adsorption and convenient separation, magnetic graphene-based composites have become a promising adsorbent in terms of...     

The associations of air pollution exposure during pregnancy with fetal growth and anthropometric measurements at birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fetal growth has been demonstrated to be an important predictor of perinatal and postnatal health. Although the effects of maternal exposure to air...     

Study on the denitrification performance of FexLayOz/activated coke for NH3-SCR and the effect of CO escaped from activated coke at mid-high temperature on catalytic activity

Currently, activated coke is widely used in the removal of multiple pollutants from industrial flue gas. In this paper, a series of novel Fe_xLa_yO_z/AC catalysts was prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation for NH₃-SCR denitrification reaction. The introduction of Fe-La bimetal oxides significantly improved the denitrification performance of activated coke at mid-high temperature, and 4% Fe_0.3La_0.7O_1.5/AC exhibited a superior NO_x conversion efficiency of 90.1% at 400 °C. The catalysts were further characterized by BET, SEM, XRD, Raman, EPR, XPS, FTIR, NH₃-TPD, H₂-TPR, et al., whose results showed that the perovskite-type oxide of LaFeO₃ and oxygen vacancies were produced on the catalysts’ surfaces during roasting. Fe-La doping enhanced the amount of acid sites (mainly Lewis and other stronger acid sites) and the content of multifarious oxygen species, which were beneficial for NO_x removal at mid-high temperature. Moreover, it was investigated that the effect of released CO from activated coke at mid-high temperature on the NO_x removal through the lifetime test, in which it was found that a large amount of CO produced by pyrolysis of activated coke could promote the NO_x removal, and long-term escaping of CO on the activated coke carrier did not have a significant negative impact on catalytic performance. The results of the TG-IR test showed that volatile matter is released from the activated coke while TG results showed that the weight loss rate of 4% Fe_0.3La_0.7O_1.5/AC only was 0.0015~0.007%/min at 300–400 °C. Hence, 4% Fe_0.3La_0.7O_1.5/AC had excellent thermal stability and denitrification performance to be continuously used at mid-high temperature. Finally, the mechanisms were proposed on the basis of experiments and characterization results.

     

反硝化生物滤池中生物膜量与脱氮效果和脱氢酶活性的关系

采用自主研发的中试反硝化生物滤池处理传统活性污泥法的二沉池出水,研究了稳定运行下生物膜量与脱氮效果和脱氢酶活性之间的关系。结果表明:根据VSS/SS=0.78、VSS/SS0.78、VSS/SS0.78,将SS分为3个区域,分别为区域1(232.5～1 246.6 mg·L~(-1))、区域2(1 246.6～2 542.7 mg·L~(-1))、区域3(2 542.7～3 523.9 mg·L~(-1))。在区域2内能获得最大的NO_3~--N和TN去除能力,去除率分别为95.0%和85.7%及最大的总脱氢酶活性(TDHA),为112.5 g;单位质量生物膜脱氢酶活性(DHA)与SS和VSS之间显著负相关,R~2分别为0.822和0.876;TDHA随SS的增加而增加,直至VSS/SS开始减小时随之减小。DHA能较好地从微观层面反应微生物的活性,TDHA可从宏观层面反映整个反应器的生物活性,为反硝化生物滤池运行提供参考。     

Locally enhanced electric field treatment (LEEFT) for water disinfection

• Nanowire-assisted LEEFT is applied for water disinfection with low voltages. • LEEFT inactivates bacteria by disrupting cell membrane through electroporation. • Multiple electrodes and device configurations have been developed for LEEFT. • The LEEFT is low-cost, highly efficient, and produces no DBPs. • The LEEFT can potentially be applicable for water disinfection at all scales. Water disinfection is a critical step in water and wastewater treatment. The most widely used chlorination suffers from the formation of carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs) while alternative methods (e.g., UV, O₃, and membrane filtration) are limited by microbial regrowth, no residual disinfectant, and high operation cost. Here, a nanowire-enabled disinfection method, locally enhanced electric field treatment (LEEFT), is introduced with advantages of no chemical addition, no DBP formation, low energy consumption, and efficient microbial inactivation. Attributed to the lightning rod effect, the electric field near the tip area of the nanowires on the electrode is significantly enhanced to inactivate microbes, even though a small external voltage (usually<5 V) is applied. In this review, after emphasizing the significance of water disinfection, the theory of the LEEFT is explained. Subsequently, the recent development of the LEEFT technology on electrode materials and device configurations are summarized. The disinfection performance is analyzed, with respect to the operating parameters, universality against different microorganisms, electrode durability, and energy consumption. The studies on the inactivation mechanisms during the LEEFT are also reviewed. Lastly, the challenges and future research of LEEFT disinfection are discussed.     

CaO2及H2O2类Fenton降解土壤石油烃污染

采用H_2O_2/Fe(Ⅲ)/柠檬酸类Fenton体系和CaO_2/Fe(Ⅲ)/柠檬酸类Fenton体系修复土壤石油污染,考察了氧化剂种类、氧化剂投加量、 Fe(Ⅲ)浓度和柠檬酸浓度对柴油降解效果的影响,并进一步研究比较了CaO_2/Fe(Ⅲ)/柠檬酸和H_2O_2/Fe(Ⅲ)/柠檬酸2种修复方式对土壤原著微生物群落变化及豌豆植株生长所带来的生态毒性效应。单因素实验结果表明:在其他条件相同的情况下,CaO_2类Fenton降解柴油效果优于H_2O_2类Fenton降解效果;柴油降解率随着氧化剂投加量、Fe(Ⅲ)和柠檬酸浓度的增大呈现先增后降的趋势。当CaO_2浓度为166.67 mmol·L~(-1)、Fe(Ⅲ)浓度为27.78 mmol·L~(-1)、柠檬酸浓度为27.78 mmol·L~(-1)时,反应24 h后,土壤中柴油降解率达到44.14%。生态毒性实验表明:CaO_2类Fenton处理后土壤微生物群落的丰富度和多样性指数均有所提高,H_2O_2类Fenton处理后均有所降低,2种处理方式均在不同程度上改变了土壤微生物群落的优势菌门构成;CaO_2及H_2O_2类Fenton处理均抑制了豌豆植株的生长,发芽率、植株干重、株高、叶绿素含量等测试指标均下降,其中H_2O_2类Fenton处理的抑制效果更为明显。进一步分析可知,CaO_2类Fenton处理技术比H_2O_2类Fenton处理技术更适用于石油污染土壤修复。     

改性土-膨润土阻隔墙阻控离子型稀土矿氨氮污染

以土-膨润土为阻隔材料,使用硅灰及水泥对其进行固化改性,研究改性后阻隔墙对离子型稀土矿原地浸矿氨氮污染的阻控效果。通过了解阻隔墙材料的渗透性能、力学性能,并结合阻隔材料对氨氮的吸附效果、穿透效果和数值模拟结果,探讨改性土-膨润土阻隔材料对氨氮污染的阻控性能。结果表明:硅灰改性土-膨润土阻隔材料,最佳质量配比为硅灰∶土=1∶10,最佳含水率为67.80%;改性阻隔材料生成的铝硅酸盐提高了阻隔墙防渗性能,渗透系数为2.36×10~(-9) m·s~(-1);CaCO_3提高了材料的力学性能,使抗压强度达到0.896 MPa;改性阻隔材料对氨氮的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型及Langmuir等温模型。这说明该吸附过程以化学吸附为主,并且该吸附是放热过程。在不同氨氮浓度的穿透下,渗透系数呈逐渐减小的趋势,实验期间并未达到穿透浓度。利用Visual MODFLOW数值模型对阻隔墙的阻控效果进行模拟发现,7 300 d后NH_4~+扩散范围小,未穿透阻隔墙。硅灰改性土-膨润土阻隔墙用于对离子型稀土矿氨氮污染阻控的效果较好。     

Multi-dimensional influence measurement of urbanization on the quality of natural living environment in China

Environment, Development and Sustainability - With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization and the continuous improvement of social productivity, people are increasingly...